New Zealand is located in Oceania, as islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia. The land area covers 104,454 square miles. This includes includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands. The terrain is predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains. The climate is temperate with sharp regional contrasts. The country's highest point is Aoraki-Mount Cook at 12,317 feet.
New Zealand's government type is a parliamentary democracy and its administrative divisions are 13 regions. Its legal system is based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for the Maori. The country gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1907.
The population is 3,993,817 (July 2004 estimate) and is divided among the following ethnic groups; New Zealand European 74.5%, Maori 9.7%, other European 4.6%, Pacific Islander 3.8%, Asian and others 7.4%. People of the Anglican faith make up 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%. The official languages are English and Maori.
Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes (but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder), broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products